The initial step in this process is to delineate the specific type and requirements of the pig farm in question. To illustrate, a sow farm is primarily concerned with reproduction and thus necessitates facilities such as farrowing houses and breeding areas. Conversely, a fattening farm is chiefly concerned with growth and thus focuses on feed and the growth environment. Finally, a self-breeding farm encompasses the entire process, from reproduction to fattening.
The subsequent stage involves the determination of the requisite area for each farm, contingent on its specific operational requirements. For instance, sow farms may necessitate a more intricate area division, such as gestation and farrowing houses, whereas fattening farms may prioritize pen size and ventilation. Self-fertilization is characterised by a significantly larger spatial requirement, necessitating a more intricate division of the area, in addition to the consideration of the movement of pigs at various stages of development.
Once these spatial requirements have been determined, the next step is to consider the necessary equipment. Sow farms, for instance, require infrastructure such as farrowing crates, insulation and possibly an automatic feeding system. Conversely, fattening farms may require more efficient feeding and manure removal equipment. Self-fertilizing farms, due to their larger size, will require more sophisticated automated equipment, such asenvironmental control systems and automatic grouping systems.
The following three pig farms can be considered:1. 300 sows2. 300 fattening pigs3. 3000 pigs for self-rearing
I. 300 SOW FARM (BREEDING FARM)
1. Site planning
Land area
8-10 acres (including production area + manure treatment area + management area)
Functional area division
Breeding and gestation area: breeding house (including boar pen), gestation house
Delivery and nursery area: delivery house (farrowing house), piglet nursery house
Reserve sow isolation area: isolation house (10% sow capacity)
Auxiliary area
Feed warehouse, veterinarian room, disinfection channel, manure treatment pool, office and living area.
2. Core equipment
Pens system
Gestation pen: 300 heads × 1.3 times redundancy ≈ 400 (including reserve sows)Farrowing beds: 60-80 farrowing beds according to 2.3 fetuses per sow per year.Boar pens: 6-8 (breeding boars + reserve boars)
Environment control
Automatic temperature control system (floor heating + fan + wet curtain)Piglet warming box (infrared lamp/electric heating plate)
Feeding system
Automatic feeding line for gestating sows + gestation crate
Free feeding trough for lactating sows
Other equipment:
High-pressure cleaner, ultrasound meter (gestation diagnosis)Manure scraper + solid-liquid separator
