Choose the appropriate production mode
The different modes of production determine the requirements of pig farm buildings and environment. Pig production is generally divided into two parts: the breeder part includes the vacant breeding stage, the pregnancy stage, and the delivery and lactation stage; and the commercial pig part includes the nursing piglet stage, the nursery pig stage and the fattening pig stage.
Choosing the proper site
Among the many modes of rearing, yard rearing should be absolutely avoided. The site should be chosen at the edge of the village where the terrain is high and dry, and where water, electricity and transportation are convenient, so as to avoid the mutual influence of animals and people. Otherwise, it will not only jeopardize the health of pigs, but also damage the relationship between neighbors.
Ensure the safety of epidemic prevention in pig farms
Regardless of the size of pig farms, disinfection pools and wash basins should be set up at the entrance of the field, and always keep enough effective disinfectant. The production area (pig house area) and management area (reception, living room, kitchen, sales) should be separated. A second disinfectant pool should be set up at the entrance to the production area, and outsiders should not be allowed to enter the production area. There should also be disinfectant basins at the entrance to each barn for feeders to dip their feet in.
Pay attention to environmental protection
Set up manure accumulation fermentation ponds and sewage treatment ponds outside the field or at the corners of the field to avoid direct sewage outflow and pollution of the environment.
Pigsty building should pay attention to heat and cold prevention and warmth protection
It is recommended that the pig house should be located in the north and face the south, and both sides should be set up with larger windows. The distance between the pigsty and the pigsty should be 3 times of the height of the eaves. Tall trees can be planted around the pigsty and low bushes should be avoided. If the roof is made of asbestos tiles, a layer of foam board or straw thatch should be put under the asbestos tiles. The breeding barn must be prepared with spraying cooling pipes to avoid the high temperature affecting the parity rate or causing the sows not to eat before farrowing. When semi-open feeding mode is used, the upper ring should be covered with plastic film to keep warm in winter, and the delivery barn and nursery barn should be warmed by fireplace with local infrared lamps to reduce piglet diarrhea and improve its feed utilization and growth rate.
Different stages of the pig house should be built separately
When the scale is small, reserve pigs, pregnant pigs, pregnant pigs can share a pigsty. Delivering pigs in a separate house, nursery pigs in a house, fattening pigs in a house. If you can't separate them all, at least the farrowing pigs and nursery pigs should be kept separately, and try to adopt the feeding method of “all in, all out” to avoid cross infection. If only a few sows are kept, they should be switched to a cleaned and sterilized pen when they farrow.
The floor in the pig pen should not be too smooth
The floor can be made of cement or brick, but it should not be too smooth to avoid hurting the pigs. The floor towards the pig pen door or feces and urine ditch direction should have at least 2% slope, so as not to collect urine dirty the whole pig pen.
The layout of the pig house should be conducive to management
Put the breeding pigs in a safe place, according to the order of gilt, pregnant pigs, delivery, nursery, fattening planning and construction, fattening pigs near the door, so that the turnover of the herd is convenient, and reduce the coaxing stress. Build two other pens as far as possible from the barn for isolation observation and treatment of newly purchased pigs and pigs suspected of infectious diseases in the herd, so as to prevent the whole herd from being affected.
Adopt scientific water supply and feeding facilities
The water supply system can use duckbill automatic water dispenser or drinking cup, to ensure that pigs can often drink clean water, otherwise it will cause pigs to drink urine fetish. When there is no running water, a water tank can be put on the roof of the pig house as a homemade water tower for water supply. The feed trough should be long enough to avoid uneven feeding, if the automatic feeding trough is used for uninterrupted feeding, the upper edge of the trough should be rolled inward by about 1 centimeter, so that the waste of feed can be reduced.
